GEM Reconstruction


Reconstruction of a genome-scale metabolic model is a time-consuming hard-working process.
It would be possible to start using an automatic method and then refine the model manually.
It would also be possible to initiate and perform all reconstruction approach by hand.

However the metabolic network reconstruction process usually consists of four major stages according to a protocole provided by Thiele and Palsson:

Stage 1: Creating a draft reconstruction

  • Genome annotation

  • Candidate metabolic functions

Stage 2: Manual reconstruction refinement

Stage 3: Conversion of reconstruction to mathematical model

Stage 4: Network evaluation


Some useful readings for GEM Reconstruction Process:

  • Paper: Reconstruction of genome-scale human metabolic models using omics data (Link)

  • Book: Systems Biology, Constraint-based Reconstruction and Analysis (Link)

  • Mini-Review: Genome-scale modeling for metabolic engineering (Link)

  • Paper: Next-generation genome-scale models for metabolic engineering (Link)

  • Paper: Applications of genome-scale metabolic network model in metabolic engineering (Link)

  • Paper: A Practical Protocol for Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstructions (Link)

  • Paper: Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Reconstruction (Link)

Useful resources for GEM Reconstruction Process:

Here are some useful resources for reconstruction of a genome-scale metabolic network in order to be analyzed by different constraint-based modeling softwares. The resources have been categorized into the following sections:

  • Annotation Databses: If you want to start from a genome sequence, you should extract the coding regions of the sequence. Then it is possible to find the corresponding enzymes.

  • Metabolic Pathways Databases: After finding the enzymes names for a specific species, you should use the metabolic pathway databases to find the corresponding reactions and put them together in order to build a new model.

  • Softwares for genome-scale metabolic reconstruction: It is also possible to reconstruct metabolic models using various softwares. It is clear that outputs of the softwares should be checked manually for more precision. 

  • Visual Editors: This contains softwares which have been designed for visualization of biological networks, especially metabolic networks.

Annotation Databases
Name Description Reference
RAST
(Homepage)
Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) is a fully-automated service for annotating bacterial and archaeal genomes. It provides high quality genome annotations for these genomes across the whole phylogenetic tree. PMID:
18261238
KAAS
(Homepage)
KEGG Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS) provides functional annotation of genes by BLAST comparisons against the manually curated KEGG GENES database. The result contains KO (KEGG Orthology) assignments and automatically generated KEGG pathways. PMID:
17526522
GeneMarkS
(Homepage)
utilizes a non-supervised training procedure and can be used for a newly sequenced prokaryotic genome with no prior knowledge of any protein or rRNA genes. PMID:
11410670
ZCURVE
(Homepage)
It is a system for recognizing protein coding genes in bacterial and archaeal genomes with highly accurate gene start prediction. The program is based on the Z curve theory of DNA sequence. PMID:
12626720
CRITICA
(Homepage)
Coding Region Identification Tool Invoking Comparative Analysis (CRITICA) is a suite of programs for identifying likely protein-coding sequences in DNA by combining comparative analysis of DNA sequences with more common noncomparative methods. It provides quality-controlled, aligned and annotated Bacterial and Archaeal 16S rRNA sequences, and Fungal 28S rRNA sequences, and a suite of analysis tools to the scientific community. PMID:
10331277
IdentiCS
(url is not available)
Identification of Coding Sequences from Unfinished Genome Sequences (IdentiCS) combines the identification of coding sequences (CDSs) with the reconstruction, comparison and visualization of metabolic networks. PMID:
15312235
metaSHARK
(url is not available)
The metabolic SearcH And Reconstruction Kit (metaSHARK) is a fully automated software package for the detection of enzyme-encoding genes within unannotated genome data and their visualization in the context of the surrounding metabolic network. PMID:
15745999
PRIAM
(Homepage)
This is a method for automated enzyme detection in a fully sequenced genome, based on the classification of enzymes in the ENZYME database. It relies on sets of position-specific scoring matrices automatically tailored for each ENZYME entry. PMID:
14602924
MaGe
(Homepage)
Magnifying Genomes (MaGe) is a microbial genome annotation system based on a relational database containing information on bacterial genomes, as well as a web interface to achieve genome annotation projects. PMID:
16407324
AUTOGRAPH-method
(url is not available)
This methodology could be applied to accelerate the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks by taking optimal advantage of existing, manually curated networks. Only the translated open reading frames (ORFs) of a newly sequenced genome are necessary to reconstruct a metabolic network. PMID:
16772023
Genome Knowledgebase
(url is not available)
It is a resource for biologists and bioinformaticists in which estimates on the number and nature of most of the proteincoding genes. PMID:
15338623
CycADS
(Homepage)
Cyc Annotation Database System is an automated annotation management system that allows the seamless integration of the latest sequence information into metabolic networks reconstruction. PMID:
21474551
Vertebrate Genome Annotation
(Homepage)
A repository for high-quality gene models produced by the manual annotation of vertebrate genomes. PMID:
15608237
IMG
(Homepage)
Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system tries to support the annotation, analysis and distribution of microbial genome and metagenome datasets sequenced. PMID:
22194640
H-InvDB
(Homepage)
It provides curated annotations of human genes and transcripts that include gene structures, alternative splicing variants, non-coding functional RNAs, protein functions, functional domains, sub-cellular localizations, metabolic pathways, protein 3D structure, genetic polymorphisms (SNPs, indels and microsatellite repeats), relation with diseases, gene expression profiling, and molecular evolutionary features, protein-protein interactions and gene families. PMID:
23245335
Genome Reviews
(Homepage)
This database provides an up-to-date, standardized and comprehensively annotated view of the genomic sequence of organisms with completely deciphered genomes. PMID:
16901215
Metabolic Pathways Databases
Name Description Reference
Pathguide
(Homepage)
It contains information about biological pathway related resources and molecular interaction related databases. PMID:
16381921
KEGG
(Homepage)
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) is a database resource for understanding various biological systems, such as the cell, the organism and the ecosystem. PMID:
10592173
The SEED
(Homepage)
This database focuses on the development of the comparative genomics environment and, more importantly, on the development of curated genomic data. The original SEED Project was started in 2003. PMID:
16214803
MetRxn
(Homepage)
MetRxn is a comprehensive collection of consistent metabolite and reaction entities for use in metabolic analysis and model construction. PMID:
22233419
BRENDA
(Homepage)
It represents a comprehensive collection of enzyme and metabolic information, based on literature. PMID:
14681450
IntEnz
(Homepage)
the Integrated relational Enzyme database (IntEnz) is the official version of the Enzyme Nomenclature. PMID:
14681451
UMBBD
(Homepage)
This database contains information on microbial biocatalytic reactions and biodegradation pathways for primarily xenobiotic, chemical compounds. PMID:
19767608
BKM-react
(Homepage)
It is an integrated and non-redundant biochemical reaction database containing known enzyme-catalyzed and spontaneous reactions. PMID:
21824409
MPW
(Homepage)
It is the collection of metabolic diagrams curated since the 1980s. PMID:
9407141
BioSilico
(Homepage)
It is a web-based database system that facilitates the search and analysis of metabolic pathways. Heterogeneous metabolic databases including LIGAND, ENZYME, EcoCyc and MetaCyc are integrated in a systematic way, thereby allowing users to efficiently retrieve the relevant information on enzymes, biochemical compounds and reactions. PMID:
15201189
SABIO-RK
(Homepage)
It is a curated database that contains information about biochemical reactions, their kinetic rate equations with parameters and experimental conditions. PMID:
22102587
Reactome
(Homepage)
It is a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed pathway database. PMID:
15608231
BNDB
(url is not available)
The Biochemical Network Database (BNDB) is a powerful relational database platform allowing a complete semantic integration of an extensive collection of external databases. It is built upon a comprehensive and extensible object model called BioCore. PMID:
17910766
EMP
(url is not available)
The Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways database (EMP) is an encoding of the contents of over 10,000 original publications on the topics of enzymology and metabolism.
Downloadable demo versions of EMP are available via anonymous FTP.
PMID:
8594593
PathDB
(Homepage)
Pathways Database System including PathCaseSB, PathCaseMAW, PathCaseKEGG, PathCaseRCMN, and PathCasealpha is an integrated system with a set of software tools for modeling, storing, analyzing, visualizing, and querying biological pathways data at different levels of genetic, molecular, biochemical and organismal detail. PMID:
12761054
BioCarta
(Homepage)
It is a commercial resource for study metabolic pathways. PMID:
Not Available
Bioreaction DB
(url is not available)
Metabolic networks of 80 fully sequenced organisms are reconstructed. The reaction database in excel format and the programs in Visual Basic are available upon request. PMID:
12538249
PMN
(Homepage)
The Plant Metabolic Network (PMN) provides a broad network of plant metabolic pathway databases that contain curated information from the literature and computational analyses about the genes, enzymes, compounds, reactions, and pathways involved in primary and secondary metabolism in plants. PMID:
20522724
PlantDB
(Homepage)
It is a Microsoft Office Access database with a user-friendly front-end feature for managing information relevant for experimental plants PMID:
18182106
MetaCrop
(Homepage)
It is a database that summarizes diverse information about metabolic pathways in crop plants and allows automatic export of information for the creation of detailed metabolic models. PMID:
17933764
PUMA2
(url is not available)
It is an interactive, integrated bioinformatics environment for high-throughput genetic sequence analysis and metabolic reconstructions from sequence data. It provides a framework for comparative and evolutionary analysis of genomic data and metabolic networks in the context of taxonomic and phenotypic information. PMID:
16381888
ERGO
(Homepage)
This genome analysis and discovery suite is an integration of biological data from genomics, biochemistry, high-throughput expression profiling, genetics and peer-reviewed journals to achieve a comprehensive analysis of genes and genomes. It combines pattern-based analysis with comparative genomics by visualizing genes within the context of regulation, expression profiling, phylogenetic clusters, fusion events, networked cellular pathways and chromosomal neighborhoods of other functionally related genes. PMID:
12519973
SoyBase
(Homepage)
It is the Metabolic Pathways Database for SoyBean PMID:
Not Available
TransportDB
(Homepage)
It is a relational database designed for describing the predicted cellular membrane transport proteins in organisms whose complete genome sequences are available. For each organism, the complete set of membrane transport systems was identified and classified into different types and families according to putative membrane topology, protein family, bioenergetics and substrate specificities. It is the Metabolic Pathways Database for SoyBean PMID:
14681414
Roche Biochemical Pathways
(Homepage)
It provides an overview of the chemical reactions of cells in various species and organs.
(Ref.: Michal, Gerhard, and Dietmar Schomburg, eds. Biochemical pathways: an atlas of biochemistry and molecular biology. John Wiley & Sons, 2013)
PMID:
Not Available
OMMBID
(Homepage)
It includes the metabolic and molecular bases of inherited diseases. PMID:
Not Available
HPD
(Homepage)
It is an integrated human pathway database providing comprehensive and combined view connecting human proteins, genes, RNAs, enzymes, signaling, metabolic reactions and gene regulatory events. PMID:
19811689
Metabolic disease database
(Homepage)
It contains different tissues with totally different metabolisms, such as liver, brain, and others. PMID:
Not Available
RAMEDIS
(Homepage)
It is a platform independent, web-based information system for rare metabolic diseases based on filed case reports. It was developed in close cooperation with clinical partners to allow them to collect information on rare metabolic diseases with extensive details, e.g. about occurring symptoms, laboratory findings, therapy and molecular data. In addition, a convenient graphical user interface is provided to the user accessible by every common web browser. PMID:
16722776
HMDB
(Homepage)
The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a freely available electronic database containing detailed information about small molecule metabolites found in the human body. PMID:
17202168
ExplorEnz
(Homepage)
It is a way to access the data of the IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature List. The enzymes are classifies in 6 different groups (Oxidoreductases, Transferases, Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases) PMID:
17662133
Softwares for GEM Reconstruction
Database Description Reference
Pathways Tools
(Homepage)
It supports creation, editing, querying, visualization, and analysis of Pathway/Genome Database (PGDB). The software also allows users to publish a PGDB on the Web for access by the scientific community. PMID:
19955237 & 12169551
metaSHARK
(url is not available)
The metabolic SearcH And Reconstruction Kit (metaSHARK) is a fully automated software package for the detection of enzyme-encoding genes within unannotated genome data and their visualization in the context of the surrounding metabolic network. PMID:
15745999
MetNetMaker
(Homepage)
It is a free software designed solely to create metabolic networks based on the KEGG LIGAND database ready for Flux-Balance Analysis in the COBRA toolbox. PMID:
20671147
SuBliMinaL Toolbox
(Homepage)
It comprises a number of independent tools that can be used to automate steps in the development of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions. PMID:
22095399
iMAT or MBA
(Homepage)
It is a computational method for integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data with genome-scale metabolic network models to predict enzymes metabolic flux. PMID:
18711341 & 21081510
Model SEED
(Homepage)
It is a resource for the generation, optimization, curation, and analysis of genome-scale metabolic models. PMID:
20802497
IdentiCS
(url is not available)
It combines the identification of coding sequences (CDSs) with the reconstruction, comparison and visualization of metabolic networks.
It has been also mentioned in the Annotation Software Section.
PMID:
15312235
Bio-SPICE
(Homepage)
It is an open source framework and software toolset for Systems Biology, which intends to assist biological researchers in the modeling and simulation of spatio-temporal processes in living cells. PMID:
14683613
PathFinder
(It is no longer available online.)
It is a tool for the dynamic visualization of metabolic pathways based on annotation data. PMID:
11836220
GEM System
(Homepage)
The Genome-based Modeling (GEM) System tries to perform automatically prototyping simulation models of cell-wide metabolic pathways from genome sequences and other public biological information. PMID:
16553966
PathoLogic
(url is not available)
This program predicts the metabolic pathways of an organism from its annotated genome. It takes as input an annotated genome sequence for an organism and produces a new Pathway/Genome Database (PGDB) containing those pathways that it has computationally inferred to be present in the organism. A PGDB describes the genes, proteins, and metabolic reactions and pathways of an organism. The software is freely available to academic users, and is available to commercial users for a fee. PMID:
12050068
semi-automated methodology
(Software and protocol are available in Java source code In the manuscript, Additional file 9.)
This semi-automated methodology aimed at streamlining the process of metabolic network reconstruction by enabling the integration of different genome-wide databases of metabolic reactions. PMID:
20712863
CycSim
(Homepage)
It is a web application dedicated to in silico experiments with genome-scale metabolic models coupled to the exploration of knowledge from BioCyc and KEGG. It supports the design of knockout experiments: simulation of growth phenotypes of single or multiple gene deletions mutants on specified media, comparison of these predictions with experimental phenotypes and direct visualization of both on metabolic maps. PMID:
19420054
WIT
(url is not available)
What Is There (WIT) system supports comparative analysis of sequenced genomes and generate metabolic reconstructions based on chromosomal sequences and metabolic modules from the EMP/MPW family of databases. PMID:
10592199
ADOMET
(url is not available)
It is a useful tool for the Gap filling section. It could perform Identification of candidates genes based on local structure of the metabolic network using gene clustering, phylogentic information and others. PMID:
16571130
BOSS
(url is not available)
Biological Objective Solution Search (BOSS) identifies candidate objective reaction that can be an existing reaction, a combination of existing reactions, or a previously uncharacterized reaction. However this reaction must be linear and stoichiometric. The framework relies on a reconstructed network and experimental data. PMID:
18218092
GapFill
(see additional file 4)
It proposes changes or additions to the network to connect blocked metabolites to the remainder of the network. PMID:
17584497
GapFind
(see additional file 3)
It performs systematic identification of metabolites along blocked reactions (blocked metabolites). PMID:
17584497
GrowMatch
(url is not available)
It is an automated method for reconciling in silico/in vivo growth predictions. PMID:
19282964
OptFind
(url is not available)
It uses experimental data, a reconstructed network and a scoring system to identify a network reaction that is likely to be a component of the cellular objective function. PMID:
12673766
ReMatch
(Homepage)
It is a web-based, user-friendly tool that constructs stoichiometric network models for metabolic flux analysis, integrating user-developed models into a database collected from several comprehensive metabolic data resources, including KEGG, MetaCyc and CheBI. PMID:
20134058
RAVEN
(Homepage)
Reconstruction, Analysis, and Visualization of Metabolic Networks (RAVEN) toolbox is a complete environment for reconstruction, analysis, simulation, and visualization of GSMM and runs within MATLAB. The software has three main features: 1) automatic reconstruction of GSMMs based on protein homology, 2) network analysis, modeling and interpretation of simulation results, and 3) visualization of GSMMs using pre-drawn metabolic network maps. PMID:
23555215
rBioNet
(Homepage)
It is a COBRA toolbox extension which enables the construction of publication-level biochemical networks while enforcing necessary quality control measures. It has an intuitive user interface facilitating the reconstruction process for novices and experts. PMID:
21596791
SMILEY
(url is not available)
It proposes possible missing functions given a metabolic model and physiological, growth data. PMID:
17088549
PathwayBooster
(url is not available)
A tool to support the curation of metabolic pathways PMID:
25887214
Pantograph
(Homepage)
It is a software toolbox to reconstruct, curate and validate genome-scale metabolic models. It uses existing metabolic models as templates, to start its reconstructions process, to which new, species-specific reactions are added. It uses an iterative approach to improve reconstructed models, facilitating manual curation and comparisons between reconstructed model's predictions and experimental evidence. PMID:
25572717
BiGGR
(Homepage)
Constraint based modeling in R using metabolic reconstruction databases PMID:
25806817
MOST
(Homepage)
It is a standalone software package that can be used to create constraint-based models of metabolism, load existing models, export models, and run analyses on these models to predict the production of desired compounds by microbes under genetic manipulations. PMID:
25677126
Merlin
(Homepage)
The Metabolic Models Reconstruction Using Genome-Scale Information (merlin) tool is an user-friendly Java application that performs the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic models for any organism that has its genome sequenced. It performs the major steps of the reconstruction process, including the functional genomic annotation of the whole genome and subsequent construction of the portfolio of reactions. Moreover, it includes tools for the identification and annotation of genes encoding transport proteins, generating the transport reactions for those carriers. It also performs the compartmentalisation of the model, predicting the organelle localisation of the proteins encoded in the genome, and thus the localisation of the metabolites involved in the reactions promoted by such enzymes. The gene to proteins to reactions (GPR) associations are automatically generated and included in the model. Finally, merlin expedites the transition from genome-scale reconstructions to draft metabolic models exported in the SBML standard format, allowing the user to have a preliminary view of the biochemical network. PMID:
25845595
KBase
(Homepage)
You could use this App to generate a draft metabolic model for the genome and then gapfill the metabolic model. NA
Visual Editors
There are some useful reviews which deal with visualization of biological networks:
Tools for visually exploring biological networks.
Visualization of omics data for systems biology.
Here are some useful editors for visualizing metabolic networks:
Name Description Reference
Paint4Net
(Homepage)
It is a novel COBRA Toolbox extension for automatic generation of a hypergraph layout of defined scope with the steady state rates of reaction fluxes of stoichiometric models. Directionalities and fluxes of reactions are constantly represented in the visualization while detailed information about reaction (ID, name and synonyms, and formula) and metabolite (ID, name and synonyms, and charged formula) appears placing the cursor on the item of interest. Additionally Paint4Net functionality can be used to get lists of involved metabolites and dead end metabolites of the visualized part of the network, exclude particular metabolites from representation, find isolated parts of a network, and find running cycles when all the substrates are cut down. Layout pictures can be saved in various formats. PMID:
22446067
MetVis-extension tool
(url is not available)
This visualization approach is suitable for an intuitive interpretation of simulation data of metabolic networks under dynamic as well as steady-state conditions. PMID:
17939866
Edinburgh Pathway Editor
(Homepage)
It is a visual editor for Systems Biology. It allows you to draw Graphical Notations commonly used in Systems Biology. In particular it supports Systems Biology Graphical Notations (SBGN) and supports Windows, Mac and Linux Ref:
Paper
Cytoscape
(Homepage)
It is an open source software platform for visualizing complex networks and integrating these with any type of attribute data. A lot of Apps are available for various kinds of problem domains, including bioinformatics, social network analysis, and semantic web. PMID:
14597658
BioUML
(Homepage)
It is an open source integrated Java platform for building virtual cell and virtual physiological human. It spans a comprehensive range of capabilities, including access to databases with experimental data, tools for formalized description of biological systems structure and functioning, as well as tools for their visualization, simulation, parameters fitting and analyses. Ref:
Paper
BioTapestry
(Homepage)
It is designed around the concept of a developmental network model, and is intended to deal with large scale models with consistency and clarity. It is capable of representing systems that exhibit increasing complexity over time. PMID:
21938637
JDesigner
(Homepage)
It is a Win32 application which allows to draw a biochemical network and export the network in the form of SBML. The Designer has an Systems Biology Workbench (SBW) interface that allows it to be called from other SBW compliant modules. In addition, it has the ability to use Jarnac as a simulation server (via SBW) thus allowing models to be run from within JDesigner. Ref:
Paper
SimWiz
(Homepage)
Simulation Wizard (SimWiz) is a computer program for defining, validating, analyzing, communicating and running a discrete event simulation model. PMID:
17052128
CADLIVE
(Homepage)
Computer-Aided Design of LIVing systEms (CADLIVE) is a comprehensive computational tool for constructing large-scale biological network maps, analyzing the topological features of them, and simulating their dynamics. PMID:
15805500
Cellware
(Homepage)
It has been designed to conduct modeling and simulation of gene regulatory and metabolic pathways and also offers an integrated environment for diverse mathematical representations, parameter estimation and optimization. In addition, a user-friendly graphical display and capability to run large and complex models would be provided by default. PMID:
14871872
ProMoT
(Homepage)
It is the Process Modeling Tool, a software for the construction and manipulation of complex technical and biological systems. Together with the simulation environment Diana, it provides capabilities for the development of dynamic models based on differential-algebraic equations, and their simulation and further analysis. It has being used as a modeling tool not only for the setup of dynamic models, but also for the visual construction of Boolean models that can be analyzed with CellNetAnalyzer. PMID:
12801880
CellDesigner
(Homepage)
It is a structured diagram editor for drawing gene-regulatory and biochemical networks. Networks are drawn based on the process diagram, with graphical notation system and are stored using the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). Networks are able to link with simulation and other analysis packages through Systems Biology Workbench (SBW). It supports simulation and parameter scan by an integration with SBML ODE Solver, SBML Simulation Core and Copasi. You can browse and modify existing SBML models with references to existing databases, simulate and view the dynamics through an intuitive graphical interface. PMID:
24927840
Cell Illustrator
(Homepage)
It is a software tool that enables biologists to draw, model, elucidate and simulate complex biological processes and systems. It has outstanding drawing capabilities, moreover it allows researchers to model metabolic pathways, signal transduction cascades, gene regulatory pathways as well as dynamic interactions of various biological entities such as genomic DNA, mRNA and proteins. In addition, it provides researchers with model diagrams of publication quality and simulation result charts. PMID:
21685571
SimBiology
(Homepage)
It provides an application and programmatic tools to model, simulate, and analyze dynamic systems, focusing on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and systems biology applications. It provides a block diagram editor for building models, or you can create models programmatically using the MATLAB language. It includes a library of common PK models, which you can customize and integrate with mechanistic systems biology models. A variety of model exploration techniques let you identify optimal dosing schedules and putative drug targets in cellular pathways. It uses ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and stochastic solvers to simulate the time course profile of drug exposure, drug efficacy, and enzyme and metabolite levels. You can investigate system dynamics and guide experimentation using parameter sweeps and sensitivity analysis. You can also use single subject or population data to estimate model parameters. NA
SBMLToolbox
(Homepage)
It is built on top of libSBML and provides a set of basic functions allowing SBML models to be used in both MATLAB and Octave. It provides functions for creating and validating models; and manipulating and simulating these models using ordinary differential equation solvers. PMID:
16574696
NetworkX
(Homepage)
It is a Python language software package for the creation, manipulation, and study of the structure, dynamics, and functions of complex networks. NA
Pathway Studio
(Homepage)
Pathway Studio (formerly PathwayAssist) is a Microsoft Windows application that combines an extensive set of features with a polished graphic user interface. It includes, most notably, customizable network display styles for assigning visual attributes such as node color, size and shape, multi-user support, subcellular localization visualization and tight integration with several databases. PMID:
14594725
Osprey
(Homepage)
It was one of the first tools specifically designed to visualize and analyze large networks. All but one network layout in Osprey are elaborations of the circular layout because they can be quickly computed. PMID:
12620107
PATIKA
(Homepage)
The PATIKA Project provides a WWW-based visual editor, PATIKAweb, for accessing a central database containing pathway data from several sources including Reactome. PMID:
16287939
VisANT
(Homepage)
It provides network drawing capabilities, including support for very large networks. It is also one of the first such packages to support creation, visualization, and analysis of mixed networks, i.e. networks containing both directed and undirected links. PMID:
23716640
ProViz
(url is not available)
It leverages the power of the graph drawing package Tulip for handling graphs containing millions of nodes and edges, while maintaining a guaranteed response time (i.e. it will never make the user wait longer that predefined length of time). PMID:
15347570
PathSys
(Homepage)
It is a part of BiologicalNetworks project and extends Cytoscape and includes much of the functionality of Pathway Studio. PMID:
16464251
GenMAPP
(Homepage)
It is a computer application designed to visualize gene expression and other genomic data on maps representing biological pathways and groupings of genes. PMID:
11984561
MSMB
(Homepage)
Multistate Model Builder (MSMB) is a flexible editor for compact biochemical models. It provides two separate advances on existing network model editors: 1)A simple but powerful syntax is used to describe multistate species. This reduces the number of reactions needed to represent certain molecular systems, thereby reducing the complexity of model creation. 2)Extensive feedback is given during all stages of the model creation process on the existing state of the model. Users may activate error notifications of varying stringency on the fly, and use these messages as a guide toward a consistent, syntactically correct model. PMID:
24708852
FluxMap
(Homepage)
It is a tool for the advanced visualization and exploration of flux data in the context of metabolic networks. The template-based flux data import assigns flux values and optional quality parameters (e. g. the confidence interval) to biochemical reactions. It supports the discrimination between mass and substance fluxes, such as C- or N-fluxes. After import, flux data mapping and network-based visualization allow the interactive exploration of the dataset. Various visualization options enable the user to adapt layout and network representation according to individual purposes. PMID:
22548786
Escher
(Homepage)
A Web Application for Building, Sharing, and Embedding Data-Rich Visualizations of Biological Pathways PMID:
26313928
Mimoza
(Homepage)
Web-based semantic zooming and navigation in metabolic networks PMID:
25889977